For reviewers

• Accept only if the manuscript is within your expertise and you can report within 21 days.
• Declare any competing interest — collaboration, rivalry or shared institution in the past 3 years.
• If you must decline, suggesting an alternative reviewer is very helpful.

Manuscripts are confidential. Do not share them, use their ideas, or upload any part to public generative-AI tools. If you use AI assistance for language, say so to the editor.

• Summary: the claim of the paper in two or three sentences
• Major issues: soundness of methods, validity of evaluation, reproducibility of code and data
• Minor issues: clarity, presentation, missing references
• Recommendation: accept, minor revision, major revision or reject
• Confidential comments to the editor (optional)

Be specific, constructive and courteous. Critique the work, not the authors.

Reviewers can receive a certificate of review and may have their contribution listed on ORCID. With consent from both sides, review reports may be published alongside the article.